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Transmission of important plant viruses by aphids
ŠEDOVÁ, Anna
This bachelor thesis deals with aphids as vectors of many important plant viruses. The work describes the various mechanisms of virus transmission by insect vectors. Aphids can cause huge losses in the yield of cultivated crops and fruit trees due to the transmission of viruses. The aim of the work was to identify aphids as possible vectors of plant viruses by molecular methods. Analysis of aphid samples consisted of DNA isolation, amplification of the DNA COI gene by PCR and visualization of PCR products on an agarose gel. Amplified DNA samples were enzymatically purified and sent for sequencing to an external laboratory. Using the BLAST program, aphid species were identified according to the inserted sample sequences. Seven species of aphids (A. nasturtii, A. cacaliasteris, B. brassicae, D. platanoidis, M. euphorbiae, R. padi, U. cirsii) and two species of parasitoids (A. colemani, D. rapae) were identified.
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Aphidophagy among polyphagous predators
Valdecká, Miriam ; Řezáč, Milan (advisor) ; Dolejš, Petr (referee)
Aphids are among the most widespread insect pests in agroecosystems. So far, significant attention has been paid to their natural enemies, especially to specialized predators and parasitoids. There is less information about the influence of polyphagous predators, especially spiders and ground beetles. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to summarize the knowledge about this topic. And focus on the advantages and disadvantages of aphidophagy in polyphagous predators. Key words: Aphid, aphidophagy, polyphagous, spider, carabid, predator
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Aphidophagy among polyphagous predators
Valdecká, Miriam ; Řezáč, Milan (advisor) ; Dolejš, Petr (referee)
Aphids are among the most widespread insect pests in agroecosystems. So far, significant attention has been paid to their natural enemies, especially to specialized predators and parasitoids. There is less information about the influence of polyphagous predators, especially spiders and ground beetles. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to summarize the knowledge about this topic. And focus on the advantages and disadvantages of aphidophagy in polyphagous predators. Key words: Aphid, aphidophagy, polyphagous, spider, carabid, predator
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Transmission of plant viruses by aphids
HOLLEY, Miroslav
The bachelor thesis is focused on transmission of plant viruses by aphids. Aphids are the most wide-spread and the most important vectors of plant viruses. They cause considerable yield losses of crops and fruit trees. The aim of the thesis is to verify the presence of the virus in the aphid vector. Isolated RNA was used for reverse transcription for the synthesis of cDNA (complementary DNA). Acquired cDNA served as a template strain for PCR. The result of PCR method confirmed the presence of Plum pox virus in Hyalopterus pruni.
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Fylogeography and genetics variability of \kur{Diuraphis noxia} (\kur{Aphididae})
PAŠÍKOVSKÝ, Jiří
The aim of this work was a research of the genetic variability of natural populations of Russian wheat aphid Diuraphis noxia (Aphididae) by means of microsatellite markers and markers for EPIC-PCR. First goal was to introduce the methods and optimise them for Diuraphis noxia. In the follow-up pilot study, specimens from 47 lines representing 12 populations from all over the world were analysed. Having used microsatellite markers, I proved expected variability among individual populations and within them. The highest genetic variability was detected between Chile and Algeria using markers for cytochrome C in EPIC-PCR. These findings can be used for further studies of the genetic variability of the aphid Diuraphis noxia.
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